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smelting of chromite and laterite ore

Fe-Ni-Cr Crude Alloy Production from Direct Smelting of Chromite …

[16][17] [18] [19][20] Many studies on the thermal analysis of laterite nickel ore report that the free water is removed at temperatures between 333 K and 383 K, dehydration occurs at 553 K, the ...

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Nickel laterite deposits – geological overview, …

Part 1 – Geology of nickel laterite deposits Geology of laterite profiles on ultramafic rocks The process referred to as "lateritisation" is essentially chemical weathering taking place in

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Fe-Ni-Cr Crude Alloy Production from Direct Smelting of …

grade and composition of chromite and laterite ores are the main factors to produce the alloy. The smelting of 10-13% SCO chromite ore and 87 – 90% LIM laterite ore …

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Enhanced Chromium Recovery in the Smelting of Ferronickel …

The rotary kiln-electric furnace process accounts for two-thirds of the global nickel output. The raw laterite nickel ore contains approximately 1–5 wt.% Cr2O3, but …

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Technology Innovations in the Smelting of Chromite …

There is no point smelting a chromite ore if breakeven cannot be achieved. During chromite smelting, energy requirement and its cost depend to a large extent on the technology used in smelting the ore. New process technologies have been developed to reduce energy required for smelting chromite to ferrochrome.

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Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade nickel laterite ore …

To acquire understanding of Ni enrichment from laterite ore, the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade limonite type nickel laterite ore sample assaying 0.97% Ni from Indonesia were studied using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).

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Valorization of Slags Produced by Smelting of …

A pyrometallurgical process was developed for the recycling of Ni bearing dusts and laterite ore fines by direct reduction smelting in DC (direct current) arc furnace.

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Kinetics of solid-state reduction of chromite overburden

The demand for alternative low-grade iron ores is on the rise due to the rapid depletion of high-grade natural iron ore resources and the increased need for steel usage in daily life. However, the use of low-grade iron ores is a constant clinical task for industry metallurgists. Direct smelting of low-grade ores consumes a substantial amount of …

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Technology Innovations in the Smelting of Chromite Ore

the technology used in smelting the ore. New process technologies have been developed to reduce energy required for smelting chromite to ferrochrome. These technologies, …

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Mineralogical Characterization of Limonitic Laterite from …

Abstract The mineralogical characterization and occurrence of target elements in limonitic laterite from Africa was comprehensively studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy energy spectrum (SEM–EDS), and optical microscope (OM) measurements. The results suggest that laterite ore has a complex internal …

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Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of …

The authors have since published more detailed case studies for the application of ESS technology to iron ore, titaniferous magnetite, and chromite, as well as to saprolite and ... New method of laterite ore processing: Smelting in two-zone Vaniukov furnace to ferro-nickel. In Proceedings of the Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit, …

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Aspects of smelting reduction of chromite ore fines in CaO …

Chromite reduction by carbon dissolved in a high carbon ferrochromium alloy melt has been investigated in the temperature range 1580-1640°C using a slag system based on CaO2-FeO-Cr2O3-SiO2-Al2O3. Although the reduction is essentially first order with respect to Cr2O3 concentration, it exhibits both zero order and first order reaction …

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Minerals | Free Full-Text | Nickel Laterites—Mineralogical …

Nickel laterite ore is used to produce nickel metal, predominantly to manufacture stainless steel as well as nickel sulfate, a key ingredient in the batteries that drive electric vehicles. Nickel laterite production is on the rise and surpassing conventional sulfide deposits. The efficiency of mining and processing nickel laterites is defined by …

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PRODUCTION OF Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn ALLOY BY DIRECT SMELTING …

Therefore, the optimum charge combination chosen in the study was 85% of saprolite type nickel laterite ore (N2) and 15% chromite ore (COZ) with metallic alloy which was produced in three hours of smelting with 5% coal addition as 56.22% Fe, 17.71% Cr, 5.16% Ni, 0.27% Mn and 10.84% Si.

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Study the effect of chromite ore properties on pelletisation …

Ferrochrom is produced in submerged arc furnace (SAF) by carbothermic smelting reduction process. Chromite ore fines (0–25 mm) are commonly used to produce sintered pellets to use in ferrochrome production process. In the chrome ore pelletisation process chromite ore along with 4–5% coke is milled in the wet ball mill and filtered ore …

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Direct Smelting of Chromite and Laterite Ores with Carbon …

Chromite and laterite ores from local sources were smelted in a vertical tube furnace with activated carbon as reducing agent at 1400°C to 1550°C using graphite crucible under argon atmosphere. It is shown that the grade and composition of the ore are the main factors determining the feasibility of smelting a mixture of chromite and …

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ISOTHERMAL REDUCTION SMELTING OF MIXED …

study aimed at assessing isothermal reduction smelting of additional mixed samples of chromite/laterite ores to produce directly Fe-Cr-Ni metal alloys in a single route manner. Chromite and laterite ores were obtained at Zambales and Surigao del Norte provinces, Philippines. Isothermal smelting was conducted to samples, 6/94 and 35/65

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Effective Utilization of Limonitic Nickel Laterite via …

Limonitic laterite contains low iron and nickel grades and much high smelting minerals and loss on ignition (LOI), identified as refractory iron ore for sintering. Thus, sinter pot tests of limonitic laterite via pressurized densification sintering and its intensification mechanism were conducted, and the industrial application prospect was …

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Bioleaching of Lateritic Nickel Ores | SpringerLink

The ore has a high content of iron and low content of nickel, with quartz, goethite, and dolomite being the major crystalline phases; the nickel-ferrous laterite ore was of the goethite type. The results of their study showed that goethite and hematite were the main minerals of the sample and nickel are scattered throughout the ore area.

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Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of …

Metals 2019, 9, 974 2 of 16 a significant expansion in the treatment of oxide-type ores could be expected [4].For a historical perspective, a comparison of sulfide and laterite nickel mining can be found in the detailed review published by Mudd [5].According to 2003 data, the share of laterites in primary nickel production was reported to be 42%, or ~510 …

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Preparation of stainless steel master alloy by direct smelting

Feasibility analysis and experimental studies for the production of a stainless steel master alloy by direct smelting reduction have been investigated in this work, showing that the master alloy with proper compositions and satisfactory metal recoveries can be obtained at 1600°C. When the temperature was increased from 1450 to 1600°C, the grades for Fe, …

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Direct Smelting of Chromite and Laterite Ores with

Balango et al. [65] smelted calcinated chromite ore and nickel laterite in a vertical resistance heated furnace. The aim was to investigate the simultaneous …

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Relationship between process mineralogical characterization …

Process mineralogy of low-grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia was systematically characterized and the beneficiation process of mineral components such as limonite, serpentine and chromite was studied on the basis of process mineralogy. The results show that the low-grade laterite nickel ore is a typical weathering sedimentary …

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Reduction–Sulfurization Smelting Process of Waste …

Reduction–sulfurization smelting is an effective method for treating solid hazardous waste and recovering valuable components from them. In this work, a waste hydrogenation catalyst (WHC), an automotive exhaust purifier waste catalyst (AEPWC), a vulcanizer, and laterite nickel ore were mixed, and the reduction smelting behavior of …

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Development of ferro-nickel smelting from laterite in Japan

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Development of ferro-nickel smelting from laterite in Japan" by K. Ishii. ... The enrichment of Ni from a low-grade saprolitic laterite ore, which has been pre-treated by high pressure grinding roller ... The management of huge volumes of overburden at chromite mines is a concern, and there is a need to make ...

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Direct Smelting of Chromite and Laterite Ores with Carbon …

Chromite and laterite ores from local sources were smelted in a vertical tube furnace with activated carbon as reducing agent at 1400°C to 1550°C using graphite crucible under argon atmosphere. It is shown that the grade and composition of the ore are the main factors determining the feasibility of smelting a mixture of chromite and laterite ores to …

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Preliminary Study of Smelting of Indonesian Nickel Laterite Ore …

The preliminary study of smelting of Indonesian laterite nickel ore using PKSC as reductant shows that the best Ni extraction is 89,35%. Recommended articles. References (10) J. Kim et al ... It is found that CaF 2 would react with iron olivine and chromite to release iron and chromium. In addition, the addition of CaF 2 avails the …

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ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 …

2.5 Smelting Processes Different chromite and laterite mixtures for reduction smelting were selected on the bases of possibly obtaining higher amounts of chromium and nickel in the metal and Figure 1. Point locations of the ore compositions in the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Ternary phase diagram at 1 atmospheric pressure.

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Relationship between process mineralogical …

mineral phases of laterite nickel ore are limonite, serpentine, chlorite, quartz, chromite and magnetite. In order to further study the beneficiability of laterite nickel ore, it is necessary to analyze the mineralogical characteristics of its main minerals by modern analytical means such as Table 1 Chemical composition of laterite nickel ore ...

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Valorization of Slags Produced by Smelting of Metallurgical …

A pyrometallurgical process was developed for the recycling of Ni bearing dusts and laterite ore fines by direct reduction smelting in DC (direct current) arc furnace. In the course of the performed industrial trials, besides the Ni-recovery in the liquid bath, slag composition was deliberately adjusted in order to produce a series of metallurgical slags …

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